© 1999 Streamline Publications
Restoring natural diversity to the
American landscape is a noble and laudable goal, but one which often hinges on
manipulation of the unknown and, perhaps, the unknowable. Yet, there are those
who care deeply about our environment and are willing to do the careful
detective work needed to effect ecological remediation while dealing with
widespread misconceptions.
Just as "pop" psychology tends to seek easy
answers to the human condition, so too does "pop" environmentalism
seek simple solutions. The "favorite cause" approach to the natural
environment very often focuses on a single aspectold growth trees or fur
seals or individual animal or plant species. Too often, massive energy, money
and political will is expended on narrow focus issues.
A Smart Approach
Now, efforts by both government departments, universities
and private citizens are increasingly broad, taking into account that nature's
complexity resists the quick, unenlightened fix. Organizations such as the
Society for Ecological Restoration, California Chapter (SERCAL) have approached
the challenge one acre at a time and from the aspect that a more complete
understanding of the ecology should necessarily precedeand
controlcorrective actions. Unintended and detrimental effects of
precipitous or naive solutions often exacerbate, rather than cure, the problem.
For ecological restoration to be effective it takes more
than just planting a seed or protecting a threatened plant. Research and
training are prerequisites for dealing with degraded ecological systems.
Distinctions between nature and culture; the natural and the artificial, can be
awkward. Before restoration is possible, recognition of what once was the
specific ecology of a given site is paramount.
Change in the natural worldwith or without human
influenceis constant but rates of change vary. Interdependence of native
plants and animals, soils and climate, complicate understanding. Natural
phenomena such as weather and earthquakes play a role in the evolution of site
ecology. Human populations impact the land through timbering, mining, farming,
urbanization. Add the influence of nonnative specieswhether benign or
invasiveand the confusion intensifies. Passage of time and natural
migration of organisms on the winds, ocean currents or hitchhiking on animals
and birds, further obscures the picture. Decisions are needed over which era
represents the native conditions that are to be achieveda year ago, fifty
years ago, or before human influence? Identifying an achievable
restoration goal approaches the difficulty inherent in reaching that goal.
Vigilance and Care
There is an increasing recognition that restoration will
have to involve much more than one-shot projects, that long-term stewardship of
the land is needed if any lasting benefit is to be expected.
Cultural changes will be needed to develop broad societal
appreciation for the problem and to develop the human resources needed to deal
with it.
To this end, SERCAL plans to establish five or more
one-acre sites from San Francisco to the Sierra foothills. The sites will
undergo study by naturalists and others. They will gather data that will allow
plant diversity maps of each site to be developed. The maps will identify
ecological restoration needs based on these data collections and existing
knowledge of ecology and horticulture.
According to SERCAL President, Dave Self, writing in the
chapter's Fall `98 newsletter, Ecesis, "The One-Acre system can be
likened to a loomwith it we can systematically gather, organize and,
hopefully, reweave the frayed and broken threads linking natural diversity and
cultural richness back into a rich and enriching tapestry."
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